The Pumpkin fruit fly Dacus frontalis (Becker) (Diptera: Tephritidae): A review of its bio-ecology and control strategy

The pumpkin fly Dacus frontalis (Becker) is already ranked as one of the most economically damaging pest of cucurbits in North Africa, South Africa, and the Middle East. The exact identification of this fruit fly can be delicate because of the similarities at the species level. Thus, molecular biology can easily classify and control fruit fly pests. D.frontalis favorite hosts are Pumpkin, Watermelon, Sweet melon, Cucumber and Squash. Infested fruits usually present oviposition or exit holes and direct damage is caused by the larval stage which, decreases quality and quantity of fruits and provoke high losses in yield. The Control strategy of this pest varies from biological control to chemical pesticides in addition to the bait traps.