(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT) single crystals were grown by flux method at a high oxygen pressure (P O2 ) of 1 MPa, and their polarization and piezoelectric properties were investigated. BNT single crystals exhibited a saturated polarization hysteresis with remanent polarizations (P r) of 31 µC/cm2 along [100]c, 44 µC/cm2 along [110]c and 54 µC/cm2 along [111]c. These results show that spontaneous polarization of BNT is approximately 55 µC/cm2 or larger. Strain measurements of rhombohedral BNT crystals suggest that the polarization reversal along [111]c is achieved by non-180° P s rotation whereas that along [100]c is accomplished by 180° P s switching.
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Suzuki et al. (2010) studied this question.
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