Cooperative pyrrolic–pyridinic nitrogen directs 2-electron oxygen reduction in nanographene

Cooperative pyridinic-N (pyri-NH) and pyrrolic-N (pyrr-NH) sites in N-doped nanographene drive selective 2e − ORR. Carbon adjacent to the –pyri-NH activates O 2 and proton transfer (pyri-NH → pyrr-NH) for efficient OOH formation and H 2 O 2 release.