Characterization, multivariate analysis and selection of mango genotypes based on fruit quality and bioactive compounds

Background Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most economically important tropical fruits globally. It is widely appreciated for its distinctive flavor, vibrant color, and high nutritional value. This study aimed to characterize the quality traits and bioactive compound content of 82 mango genotypes grown under the agroclimatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region, and to identify the most promising candidates for fresh consumption using a multivariate selection index. Genotypes were evaluated over two consecutive seasons in a design comprising four experimental plots per genotype (one clonal plant per plot). Forty fruits per genotype (10 fruits per plot) were evaluated. The parameters evaluated in this study were fruit mass (g), transverse diameter (mm), length (mm), pulp yield (%), skin color (º), pulp color (º), pulp firmness (N), titratable acidity (%), soluble solids content (%), ascorbic acid (mg 100 g -1 ), reducing sugars (g 100 g -1 ), total soluble sugars (g 100 g -1 ), soluble pectins (g 100 g -1 ), total extractable polyphenols (mg 100 g -1 ), yellow flavonoids (mg 100 g -1 ), anthocyanins (mg 100 g -1 ), β-carotene (µg g -1 ), and starch (g 100 g -1 ). Mean values for all traits were synthetized to construct a multivariate selection index to rank and identify superior genotypes based on overall fruit quality. Results All quality attributes exhibited substantial variability across the evaluated genotypes. The selection index proved to be an effective tool for identifying elite genotypes for fresh consumption, enabling the simultaneous selection of multiple traits. Conclusion The genotypes Mallika, Papo de Peru I, Favo de Mel, CPAC 58/95 and Aplle DCG 406 consistently exhibited superior fruit quality attributes, highlighting them as the most promising candidates for the fresh market.