Water-soluble tomato concentrate as a natural modulator of angiogenesis: Integrated in vitro and in ovo evidence

Introduction Angiogenesis is essential for vascular repair and the restoration of blood flow after ischemic injury. The water-soluble tomato concentrate has established cardioprotective and antiplatelet properties, but has not been extensively investigated for its potential to promote angiogenesis. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with various concentrations of water-soluble tomato concentrate. Endothelial cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species, tube formation, and angiogenesis-related gene expression were studied. An in ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane assay was performed to assess vascular development and maturation. Results Water-soluble tomato concentrate increased cell viability, modulated intracellular ROS levels, promoted capillary-like tube formation, and upregulated expression of VEGF-A, PECAM-1 , and ENDOGLIN . CAM assay showed increased vascular density and supported vascular maturation. Conclusion Water-soluble tomato concentrate may promote vascular regeneration and support vascular health, exhibiting pro-angiogenic properties in vitro and in ovo . Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to determine whether the water-soluble tomato concentrate may provide translational benefits for vascular regeneration and endothelial function in humans.