Mainstream modern physics contains fundamental cognitive biases in its underlying definitions for the speed of light, light waves and electromagnetic waves. It confuses two completely different physical mechanisms of wave motion and fabricates the concept of independently propagating electromagnetic wave entities, resulting in fundamental logical confusion within modern optics and electromagnetism. Based on the core framework of the Light Origin Theory, this paper establishes space, energy and the speed of light as the three fundamental cosmic substrates. Energy and the speed of light are two inseparable sides of the same entity; all properties of the material world evolve from energy and the speed of light. Protons and electrons are primary elementary particles, while neutrons are secondary elementary particles formed by the coupling of protons and electrons. This paper reinterprets the genuine physical meaning of the speed of light, strictly differentiates particle trajectory waves of photons from medium collective waves, uses polarizer experiments to verify the intrinsic transverse oscillation characteristics of photons, and falsifies the conventional electromagnetic wave model featuring alternating mutual generation of electric and magnetic fields. Through revision of underlying concepts, this paper breaks manmade paradigm fallacies in classical electromagnetic theory and builds a selfconsistent new fundamental physical system for optics and electromagnetism.
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Jiaqing Yan (2026) studied this question.
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