Phytochemical-Related Signals in Lung Tissue and Preventive Effects of Fermented Rosa roxburghii Tratt against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury in Mice

Fermented fruit products contain diverse phytochemicals and may exert biological effects after oral intake. This study qualitatively screened for phytochemical-related signals in lung tissue after oral administration of fermented Rosa roxburghii Tratt (FRRT) and separately evaluated its preventive effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice. UHPLC–MS/MS detected ten tentatively annotated phytochemical-related signals in mouse lung tissue after FRRT administration. The corresponding candidate compounds were quantified in FRRT by UHPLC–QqQ–MS/MS. FRRT preadministration attenuated bronchoalveolar protein leakage, inflammatory cytokine production, neutrophil-associated responses, epithelial barrier disruption, and histopathological injury following LPS challenge. These effects were accompanied by modulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, MAPK, JAK2/STAT3, Nrf2/HO-1, and NLRP3-related signaling. These findings document the qualitative detection of phytochemical-related signals in lung tissue under the screening conditions and support the preventive effects of FRRT against subsequent LPS-induced pulmonary injury.