Key result
Nearly ~39% of hypertensive Ethiopian patients face high 10-year CVD risk, largely driven by age and smoking.
Why the study?
The level of 10-year cardiovascular disease risk and its associated determinants among hypertensive patients in Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia, needed assessment using the WHO 10-year CVD risk score.
What is the prevalence of high 10-year cardiovascular disease risk and what are its independent determinants among hypertensive patients aged 40-74 years in Eastern Ethiopia?
Cross-Sectional (n=341)
Yes
What is the prevalence of high 10-year cardiovascular disease risk and what are its independent determinants among hypertensive patients aged 40-74 years in Eastern Ethiopia?
Nearly 40% of hypertensive patients in Eastern Ethiopia have a high 10-year predicted CVD risk, highlighting an urgent need for routine risk stratification and targeted interventions addressing smoking, khat chewing, and comorbidities.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports CVD risk stratification among Eastern Ethiopian hypertensives; leaves open whether modifying khat use or comorbidities improves outcomes.
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the level of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and its associated determinants among hypertensive patients in Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia using the WHO 10-year CVD risk score. DESIGN: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed. SETTING: Hypertensive patients aged 40-74 years in two public hospitals in Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia, from 20 December 2023 to 20 February 2024. PARTICIPANTS: Randomly selected 344 hypertensive patients aged 40-74 years with a duration of 1 year or more from the time of diagnosis and at least having 6-month follow-up. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: 10-year CVD risk level was assessed by using WHO 10-year CVD risk score. Risk levels were categorised as low (<10%) and high (≥10%). SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Associated factors influencing CVD risk. RESULTS: The study included 341 hypertensive individuals, with a 99.1% response rate. Of the respondents, 58.9% were men. The overall prevalence of CVD risk within the coming 10 years was 134 (39.3%; 95% CI: 34.1% to 44.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age, khat chewing, smoking and comorbid conditions as significant independent predictors of CVD risk. Specifically, individuals aged 60-69 years had an adjusted OR (AOR) of 3.97 (95% CI: 1.94 to 8.16) and those aged 70-74 years had an AOR of 2.99 (95% CI: 1.57 to 5.71). Khat chewers had an AOR of 2.58 (95% CI: 1.22 to 5.46), smokers an AOR of 3.44 (95% CI: 1.59 to 7.48) and individuals with comorbidities an AOR of 2.42 (95% CI: 1.47 to 3.99). CONCLUSION: There is a significant increase in 10-year CVD risk among hypertensive patients in the study area. Age, khat chewing, smoking and comorbidities were independent predictors. Regular CVD risk screening for older patients, focused health education to reduce khat and tobacco use and integrated management of comorbidities are essential to lower future cardiovascular risk.
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Ali et al. (2025) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=341). Cardiovascular disease risk determinants (older age, smoking, khat chewing, comorbidities) vs. Reference categories (age 40-49 years, non-smokers, non-khat chewers, no comorbidities) was evaluated on High 10-year cardiovascular disease risk (>=10%) assessed by the laboratory-based WHO 10-year CVD risk score (Prevalence 39.3%, 95% CI 34.1-44.5). Hypertensive patients in Eastern Ethiopia had a 39.3% prevalence of high 10-year CVD risk, independently driven by age 60-69 (AOR 3.97), smoking (AOR 3.44), khat chewing (AOR 2.58), and comorbidities (AOR 2.42).
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