Developing a Disaster Mitigation Simulation Model in Early Childhood Education Through a Service Learning Approach

This study aimed to develop a disaster mitigation simulation model for early childhood education using a service learning approach. Yogyakarta is known as one of the most disaster-prone regions in Indonesia, yet most early childhood education (ECE) institutions still lack age-appropriate evacuation standard operating procedures (SOPs) and structured disaster education. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design, consisting of needs analysis, model design, expert validation, limited trials, and product revision. Data were collected through observations, interviews, focus group discussions, documentation, and questionnaires. The findings showed that ECE institutions require simplified evacuation SOPs, teacher training, and child-friendly disaster preparedness media. The developed model integrates play-based simulations, service learning facilitation by PIAUD students, and evacuation procedures aligned with children's developmental characteristics. Expert validation indicated that the model is feasible, relevant, and applicable. Limited trials demonstrated improvements in children's preparedness responses, teacher competence, and institutional readiness. This study contributes to disaster education by producing a practical simulation model, child-friendly SOPs, and educational media for ECE institutions, while strengthening students' professional competencies through service learning.