The Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic Religious Education: The Perceptions and Ethical Considerations of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Lower Secondary Schools

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) offers opportunities to develop a variety of teaching materials and strategies, but also presents challenges regarding the accuracy of information, academic integrity and the character development of pupils. This study aims to analyse PAI teachers’ perceptions of the use of AI, its practical application in teaching, and the associated ethical considerations at SMPN 5 Mesuji Raya. The study employs a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through interviews with one PAI teacher and one pupil. Data analysis followed the model proposed by Miles, Huberman and Saldaña, which includes data condensation, data presentation, and the drawing and verification of conclusions. The results indicate that AI is utilised to assist in the preparation of teaching modules, the creation of interactive quizzes, the development of visual media, and the design of case studies on moral values. The use of varied media is perceived to make learning more engaging. However, teachers’ acceptance of AI is critical and conditional, as the information generated requires verification and the technology cannot replace the teacher’s role as a role model, the shaping of moral character, or spiritual guidance. From an ethical perspective, the study highlights the importance of academic integrity and the application of the values of ṣidq (honesty) and tabayyun (verification of information) to guide the responsible use of AI. This study emphasises that the use of AI in Islamic Education must be accompanied by validation of the material, teacher support and clear rules of use to ensure it is aligned with learning objectives and Islamic values.