Key result
OSA and ACE D-allele interaction linked to ~6.3-fold higher odds of hypertension.
Why the study?
Although both the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and obstructive sleep apnoea are important determinants of blood pressure, how they interact in relation to hypertension is not fully known.
Case-Control (n=338)
OSA-ACE I/D interaction was associated with hypertension in men; leaves open whether genotyping informs risk stratification.
OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) confers a risk of hypertension and cardiovascular complications. Both the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and OSA are important determinants of blood pressure, but it is not fully known how they interact. The aim of this study was to explore the interaction between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and OSA in the association with hypertension. DESIGN: A community-based, case-control design with hypertensive patients in primary care (n = 157) and normotensive population controls (n = 181). METHODS: All subjects underwent ambulatory polysomnography during one night. OSA was defined by a minimum of 10 apnoea/hypopnoea events per hour. Office blood pressure was measured and hypertension status was assessed. The genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: An interaction analysis including sex, ACE I/D polymorphism (DD and ID versus II), and OSA identified a significant interaction between OSA and the ACE I/D polymorphism: odds ratio (OR) 6.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-22.5, P = 0.004 as well as between OSA and sex: OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1-9.6, P = 0.033. OSA was significantly associated with hypertension in men but not in women. CONCLUSION: The interaction between the ACE gene I/D polymorphism and OSA appears to be an important mechanism in the development of hypertension, particularly in men.
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Boström et al. (2007) conducted a case-control in Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (n=338). Interaction between ACE gene I/D polymorphism (DD and ID vs II) and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea vs. ACE II genotype / absence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea was evaluated on Association with hypertension (interaction between OSA and ACE I/D polymorphism) (OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.8-22.5, p=0.004). The interaction between obstructive sleep apnoea and the ACE I/D polymorphism (DD/ID vs II) was significantly associated with hypertension (OR 6.3; 95% CI 1.8-22.5; P=0.004).
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