Nutrigenetic Characterization of Patients with Dyslipidemia Considering the Lipoprotein (a) Parameter in the Presence of APOC3 rs5128, PON1 rs662, APOE rs769452 Variants

ntroduction. To analyze clinical, laboratory, anthropometric, and molecular-genetic characteristics of patients with lipid metabolism disorders and to assess the potential significance of the APOC3 rs5128, PON1 rs662, and APOE rs769452 variants in the nutrigenetic interpretation of lipid phenotypes. The aim of the study. To determine the presence of the APOC3 rs5128, PON1 rs662, and APOE rs769452 genetic polymorphisms in patients with dyslipidemia and to assess their significance for the nutrigenetic characterization of lipid metabolism disorders. Materials and methods. We conducted a descriptive clinical-genetic analysis of five patients with lipid metabolism disorders. Sex, age, body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, atherogenic coefficient, lipoprotein(a) level, and molecular-genetic results were assessed. Genotyping of APOC3 3238G >C (rs5128), PON1 575A >G (rs662), and APOE 3106T >C (rs769452) was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results. The analysis included two men and three women, aged 29-57 years. The mean age was 40.8 years, and the mean body mass index was 28.4 kg/m². Mean total cholesterol was 7.19 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cho­lesterol 5.27 mmol/L, triglycerides 1.33 mmol/L, and the atherogenic coefficient was 4.45. Two patients had the APOC3 rs5128 G/C genotype, and three had the G/G genotype. For PON1 rs662, two patients had A/A, one had A/G, and two had G/G. All patients had the APOE rs769452 T/T genotype. Lipoprotein(a) levels were within reference ranges in all patients. Conclusions. The observations demonstrate heterogeneity in lipid metabolism disorders across anthropometric, laboratory, and genetic characteristics. The APOC3 rs5128 variant may be a potential modifier of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism, whereas PON1 rs662 may be related to variability in oxidative lipoprotein metabolism. Nutrigenetic interpretation should integrate genetic results with dietary assessment, body mass index, lipid profile, metabolic status, and overall cardiovascular risk.