Key result
Replacing soda with reduced-fat milk fails to alter LDL particle size despite lowering SBP.
Why the study?
Soda consumption in adolescents has been linked to poorer metabolic outcomes, and whether replacing sugar-sweetened soda with reduced fat milk improves features of atherogenic dyslipidemia and other cardiometabolic risk factors was uncertain.
Does isocaloric replacement of 24 oz/day of sugar-sweetened soda with reduced fat (2%) milk for 3 weeks increase LDL peak particle diameter and improve cardiometabolic risk markers in overweight and obese adolescent male soda drinkers?
RCT (n=30)
Single-blind (participants and clinic staff unblinded; laboratory staff and investigators blinded)
Two-period randomized crossover in blocks of 2, 4, 6, and 8 using a uniform random number generator
No
Does isocaloric replacement of 24 oz/day of sugar-sweetened soda with reduced fat (2%) milk for 3 weeks increase LDL peak particle diameter and improve cardiometabolic risk markers in overweight and obese adolescent male soda drinkers?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
In overweight normolipidemic adolescent male soda drinkers, short-term isocaloric substitution of sugar-sweetened soda with 2% milk did not alter LDL particle size or standard lipid panels, but significantly reduced systolic blood pressure, serum uric acid, and atherogenic glycosphingolipids.
Soda consumption in adolescents has been linked to poorer metabolic outcomes. We tested whether replacing soda with reduced fat milk would improve features of atherogenic dyslipidemia and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Thirty overweight and obese adolescent boys who were habitual consumers of sugar-sweetened beverages were randomly assigned to consume 24 oz/day of sugar-sweetened soda or an energy equivalent of reduced fat (2%) milk for 3 weeks with crossover to the alternate beverage after a ≥ 2 weeks washout. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins and other laboratory measures were assessed after each beverage period. Lipid and lipoprotein measurements, C-reactive protein, and serum transaminases did not differ significantly between the soda and milk phases of the study. Systolic blood pressure z-score and uric acid concentration were significantly lower after consuming milk compared to soda. Milk consumption also significantly decreased plasma glucosyl ceramide (d18:1/C16:0) and lactosylceramides (d18:1/C16:0 and d18:1/C18:0). While no effects of replacing soda with milk on lipid and lipoprotein measurements were observed in these normolipidemic weight-stable adolescent boys, decreases in systolic blood pressure, uric acid, and glycosphingolipids suggest that an overall favorable effect on cardiometabolic risk can be achieved following a short-term dietary intervention.
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Chiu et al. (2020) conducted an RCT in Overweight or obesity in adolescent habitual consumers of sugar-sweetened beverages (n=30). Reduced fat (2%) milk replacement of sugar-sweetened soda vs. Sugar-sweetened soda (24 oz/day sweetened with ~80 g high fructose corn syrup) was evaluated on LDL peak particle diameter. Replacing 24 oz/day of sugar-sweetened soda with reduced fat milk for 3 weeks did not change LDL peak particle diameter (mean 22.4 nm in both arms), though it lowered systolic blood pressure and uric acid.
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