The Rising Burden of Atrial Fibrillation and Respiratory Failure Mortality in the United States: A 25‐Year Nationwide Retrospective Analysis of Death Certificate Data

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Overall annual trends in atrial fibrillation or flutter and respiratory failure‐related age‐adjusted mortality rates per 100 000 among adults aged ≥ 55 years in the United States, 1999 to 2024. APC, annual percent change; CI, confidence interval; NH, non‐Hispanic. Joinpoint models were selected using the weighted Bayesian Information Criterion, and 95% CIs were estimated using the empirical quantile method. *Indicates that the Annual Percentage Change (APC) is significantly different from zero at α = 0.05.

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  FIGURE 2. Atrial fibrillation or flutter and respiratory failure‐related age‐adjusted mortality rates per 100 000, stratified by sex, among adults aged ≥ 55 years in the United States, 1999 to 2024. APC, annual percent change; CI, confidence interval; NH, non‐Hispanic. Joinpoint models were selected using the weighted Bayesian Information Criterion, and 95% CIs were estimated using the empirical quantile method. *Indicates that the Annual Percentage Change (APC) is significantly different from zero at α = 0.05.

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  FIGURE 3. Atrial fibrillation or flutter and respiratory failure‐related age‐adjusted mortality rates per 100 000, stratified by race and ethnicity, among adults aged ≥ 55 years in the United States, 1999 to 2024. APC, annual percent change; CI, confidence interval; NH, non‐Hispanic. Joinpoint models were selected using the weighted Bayesian Information Criterion, and 95% CIs were estimated using the empirical quantile method. *Indicates that the Annual Percentage Change (APC) is significantly different from zero at α = 0.05.

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  FIGURE 4. Atrial fibrillation or flutter and respiratory failure‐related crude mortality rates per 100 000, stratified by age group, among adults aged ≥ 55 years in the United States, 1999 to 2024. APC, annual percent change; CI, confidence interval; NH, non‐Hispanic. Joinpoint models were selected using the weighted Bayesian Information Criterion, and 95% CIs were estimated using the empirical quantile method. *Indicates that the Annual Percentage Change (APC) is significantly different from zero at α = 0.05.

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  FIGURE 5. Atrial fibrillation or flutter and respiratory failure–related age‐adjusted mortality rates per 100 000, stratified by urbanization, among adults aged ≥ 55 years in the United States, 1999 to 2020. APC, annual percent change; CI, confidence interval; NH, non‐Hispanic. Joinpoint models were selected using the weighted Bayesian Information Criterion, and 95% CIs were estimated using the empirical quantile method. *Indicates that the Annual Percentage Change (APC) is significantly different from zero at α = 0.05.