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Fatalities among two-wheeler riders continue to rise globally, with a significant fraction attributable not to the severity of the crash itself, but to delays in emergency response. Conventional helmets provide only passive protection and lack mechanisms for automated incident detection and communication. This work presents a smart helmet system capable of detecting accidents and automatically transmitting emergency alerts with location information. Upon detecting an accident, the system sends alert messages to predefined contacts and simultaneously notifies nearby users through decentralized communication. The proposed system offers a cost-effective and practical enhancement to rider safety infrastructure. Keywords—Smart Helmet; Accident Detection; ESP32; ADXL345; GPS; GSM; ESP-NOW; MANET; Road Safety; Embedded Systems; IoT
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Gunale et al. (2026) studied this question.
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