This study examines the management of learning media in Islamic Religious Education (IRE), focusing on effectiveness and efficiency in the digital era. It aims to identify key factors in effective media management and formulate a conceptual model for appropriate media selection. A qualitative approach with a library research design was employed. Data were obtained from books, scientific journal articles, and relevant academic documents and analyzed using content analysis through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. Source triangulation was applied to ensure data validity. The findings indicate that media effectiveness depends on its ability to support learning objectives and enhance students’ conceptual understanding, while efficiency concerns the optimal use of time, cost, energy, and facilities. Five key factors were identified: learning objectives, educator competencies, learner characteristics, content characteristics, and the availability of facilities and infrastructure. The conceptual model positions media selection as a strategic decision-making process emphasizing suitability and quality management over technological sophistication.
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Sitorus et al. (2026) studied this question.
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