Crises hipertensivas em gestantes: uma abordagem terapêutica, fisiopatológica e diagnóstica atual da pré-eclâmpsia

Preeclampsia is a systemic syndrome characterized by an intense inflammatory and antiangiogenic state. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia involves alterations in the process of trophoblastic invasion, resulting in inadequate uterine blood supply and oxidative stress in placental tissue. Pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertensive syndrome (GHS) or preeclampsia are at increased risk of complications before, during, and after delivery. Both fetal and maternal health may be affected, whether through fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and low birth weight, or through placental abruption, the need for cesarean delivery, and an increased maternal risk of developing chronic hypertension, heart disease, or stroke. The general objective of this study is to analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic management of preeclampsia and eclampsia in maternal health, investigating risk factors, the biological mechanisms involved, and postpartum prevention strategies aimed at reducing the risk of future sequelae for both mother and baby. A literature review will be conducted using the main online search tools for indexed scientific and/or clinical articles. The study is expected to gather scientific evidence that reinforces the need for more effective clinical protocols focused on the prevention, detection, treatment, and early diagnosis of hypertensive crises in pregnant women, especially those with a history of preeclampsia. Another expected outcome is to foster discussion on the importance of developing public health policies aimed at this specific population, promoting greater awareness among health professionals and society regarding the severity and long-term consequences of the disease.