English Language in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Transforming Literary Expression in the Metamodern Era

The twenty-first century has witnessed an unprecedented convergence of language, technology, and artificial intelligence (AI), fundamentally reshaping literary production, interpretation, and dissemination. English, as the dominant language of digital communication and technological innovation, has become central to the global exchange of knowledge, creative expression, and computational systems. Simultaneously, AI technologies, particularly natural language processing and generative language models, have transformed traditional notions of authorship, creativity, and literary aesthetics. These developments have become especially significant within the framework of Metamodernism, a cultural paradigm characterized by oscillation between sincerity and irony, optimism and skepticism, reality and virtuality. The present study investigates the evolving role of the English language in the technological era and examines how AI influences the literature of the metamodern age. Employing a qualitative research methodology based on textual analysis and interdisciplinary literary criticism, the paper synthesizes insights from digital humanities, media studies, linguistic theory, and contemporary literary criticism. It argues that AI should not be viewed merely as a technological instrument but as a collaborative participant in literary production that challenges conventional definitions of creativity and textual authority. Furthermore, the study explores how English functions as the principal medium through which AI systems learn, generate, and disseminate literary texts, thereby reinforcing its global cultural influence. The findings suggest that while AI introduces ethical and aesthetic challenges, it also expands creative possibilities and redefines literary expression in the metamodern era.