Landscape Configuration and User Movement Patterns in the GKB 5 Area, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

This study investigates how micro-scale landscape configuration relates to outdoor comfort and pedestrian–vehicle interaction around the GKB 5 area of Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. The research combines (i) field observation of landscape and circulation, (ii) a preliminary user mobility survey (n = 89), and (iii) GIS-based spatial overlay analysis. Pedestrian–vehicle interaction exposure was operationalized using proximity thresholds (<2 m, 2–5 m, >5 m) and separation characteristics (continuous physical barriers versus surface-only delineation). The spatial analysis evaluated 12 functional segments and identified interaction-prone locations through buffer and intersection procedures. Results indicate that the GKB 5 outdoor environment is hardscape-dominant along primary pedestrian connectors, while green open spaces function mainly as peripheral buffers, limiting their role in shading and social use. Five out of twelve segments (41.7%) were classified as high interaction exposure, and three overlap nodes were concentrated in entrance-adjacent transition spaces and parking connectors. Survey results show motorcycles as the dominant access mode (48.31%), followed by cars (31.46%) and walking (20.22%), implying strong parking dependence and stream convergence near entrances. The findings suggest that improving hardscape-softscape balance, strengthening continuous pedestrian-oriented delineation, and enhancing transition-space legibility are critical to support safer and more comfortable campus mobility environments. This study contributes a segment-based spatial diagnostic framework that integrates proximity classification and GIS overlay to identify pedestrian–vehicle interaction hotspots in campus environments.