Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Produktivitas Kerja Perawat di Rumah Sakit: Systematic Literature Review

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Nurses’ work productivity is a strategic indicator of hospital service quality, as nurses are directly involved in patient care, documentation, interprofessional communication, and continuous patient safety efforts. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with nurses’ work productivity in hospitals. This study employed a systematic literature review method guided by the PRISMA 2020 statement and the PECO framework. The literature search was conducted through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed for primary studies published in Indonesian or English between 2021 and 2026. A total of 20 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. The reviewed studies indicated that workload, occupational stress, fatigue, motivation, discipline, income, work environment, shift system, management support, and individual characteristics were associated with nurses’ productivity. Workload emerged as the most consistently reported factor, while age and educational background tended to influence productivity through physical capacity, experience, professional competence, and maturity in decision-making. Improving nurses’ productivity requires integrated hospital occupational health and safety management through workload control, improvement of the physical work environment, fatigue prevention, fair task distribution, and competency development. Keywords: Nurse Productivity, Workload, Physical Work Environment, Age, Education. ABSTRAK Produktivitas kerja perawat merupakan indikator strategis mutu pelayanan rumah sakit karena perawat berperan langsung dalam asuhan pasien, dokumentasi, komunikasi antarprofesi, dan keselamatan pasien secara berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji faktor yang berhubungan dengan produktivitas kerja perawat di rumah sakit. Metode penelitian menggunakan systematic literature review dengan acuan PRISMA 2020 dan kerangka PECO. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan melalui Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, dan PubMed terhadap studi primer berbahasa Indonesia atau Inggris yang terbit pada tahun 2021-2026. Sebanyak 20 artikel diinklusi dalam sintesis kualitatif. Studi yang direview menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja, stres kerja, kelelahan, motivasi, disiplin, penghasilan, lingkungan kerja, sistem shift, dukungan manajemen, dan karakteristik individu berhubungan dengan produktivitas perawat. Beban kerja menjadi faktor yang paling konsisten, sedangkan usia dan pendidikan cenderung mempengaruhi produktivitas melalui kapasitas fisik, pengalaman, kompetensi profesional, dan kematangan pengambilan keputusan. Peningkatan produktivitas perawat memerlukan pengelolaan K3RS secara terpadu melalui pengendalian beban kerja, perbaikan lingkungan kerja fisik, pencegahan kelelahan, pembagian tugas yang adil, dan pengembangan kompetensi. Kata Kunci: Produktivitas Kerja Perawat, Beban Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja Fisik, Usia, Pendidikan.