Prevalence of Vascular Complications Among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital, Chitradurga

Background: A common endocrine condition, diabetes mellitus is characterised by persistent hyperglycemia brought on by decreased insulin production, either with or without insulin resistance. Early diagnosis of problems is crucial, as India is regarded as the global center for diabetes. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: At BMCH, Chitradurga, a 6-month observational research involving all hospitalised T2DM patients was carried out. Data from inpatient records were gathered, and SPSS version 27 was used for analysis. The chi-square test by Pearson was used, and p<0.05 was deemed significant. Results: Among 205 patients, 52% had microvascular complications, with nephropathy (38.5%) being most common, followed by retinopathy (9.8%) and neuropathy (3.9%). Macrovascular complications were observed in 28.3% of patients, including CAD (14.6%), CVD (6.8%), and PVD (6.8%). Only 19.5% had no complications. Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes had a high prevalence of vascular problems. Significant correlations between smoking and hypertension were found, underscoring the importance of early identification, stringent glycaemic management, lifestyle adjustment, and patient education to lower morbidity and enhance quality of life.