Causes and Effects of Brain Drain Among Professional Nurses in Federal Medical Center Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

Background: Brain drain is a global public health concern, with notably higher rates in low- and middle-income countries, such as Nigeria. The phenomenon of brain drain among professional nurses in Federal Medical Center Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria, is a critical issue that has far-reaching causes and effects. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the causes and effects of brain drain among professional nurses employed at the Federal Medical Center Abeokuta (FMCA) in Ogun State, Nigeria. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study gathered data from 152 professional nurses selected via purposive sampling and administered a 31-item questionnaire. The study aimed to shed light on the factors influencing nurses’ decisions to migrate and the consequences of their departure on the healthcare system and the nursing profession. Results: Most participants (91.5%) were female, and 71.1% agreed that overseas opportunities offer better quality of life and work–life balance. Over half (55.9%) reported increased workload and stress due to nurse departures. Sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with nurses’ willingness to migrate (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Brain drain among professional nurses significantly undermines healthcare delivery. Key drivers include poor working conditions, limited career opportunities, inadequate remuneration, and political instability. These factors have led to nurse shortages, increased workload, and reduced care quality. Migration intentions cut across all staff levels and sociodemographic groups. Enhancing working conditions and compensation at Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta is essential to improve nurse retention.