Technical Support for the Management System of Genetic Resources of Crop Plants

The article considers a new system of management of genetic resources of grain crops in the conditions of growing natural and climatic risks, implemented in the regions of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Tatarstan, Sverdlovsk, Ulyanovsk, Irkutsk and Tomsk regions. The purpose of the created system is to increase the efficiency and ensure the competitiveness of grain production in the domestic and foreign markets in the conditions of increased risks based on scientifically substantiated, effective use of the genetic potential of domestic varieties and innovative developments in the field of seed production. Technical support is an important component, which in combination with other elements ensures the effective functioning of the developed system. The principles have been developed, based on which new technical means for the preparation of grain crop seeds and irrigation of crops have been created and implemented, ensuring the preservation of their genetic potential and an increase in yield. The designs of the created serially produced seed sorting machines of SMVO model are presented, ensuring the selection of the most complete high-quality seeds by specific density while preserving their genetic potential due to the reduction of microtrauma of the reproductive anatomical parts (embryo, crest, endosperm). Seeds prepared on these machines provide field germination by 5...10% more and an increase in yield by 4...8 c/ha compared to analogues. Additionally, they have lower resource intensity and cost compared to domestic and foreign analogues. A total of 554 units of three model ranges of seed cleaning machines have been produced and implemented in the regions of Russia. The article provides information about the developed prototypes of machines and equipment for pre-sowing protective treatment of crop seeds, protected by Russian patents and ensuring the preservation of the genetic potential of seeds, high quality of protection due to an increase in the degree of drug retention by 24.0...28.8% and an increase in yield by 2.4...3.5 c/ha. In addition, they ensure high efficiency of biological products used for seed treatment. The results of technical support for seed crops irrigation are presented - seven models of automated circular sprinkler machines have been developed and put into serial production, the operating experience of which has shown that they provide effective irrigation of a wide range of agricultural crops in different periods of vegetation and can increase the yield of grain crops up to 29 c/ha. More than 400 such machines have been implemented in different regions of the Russian Federation. The main directions of promising scientific research and practical work on the development of the developed system have been defined, covering a wide range, including the use of digital technologies, robotics and artificial intelligence.