Pengaruh Permainan Goalball Terhadap Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Murid Tunanetra di SLB Kota Surakarta

Visually impaired students at SLB Surakarta continue to face challenges regarding gross motor skills—specifically in spatial orientation, balance, movement coordination, and response to sound—necessitating adaptive learning activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of the game of goalball on the gross motor skills of visually impaired students in Phase D at SLB Surakarta. A quantitative experimental approach was employed, utilizing a one-group pre-test-post-test design. The sample was selected using a non-probability purposive sampling method. Data collection was conducted using a performance test instrument comprising 15 items or indicators. The instrument underwent content validity testing using Aiken’s V formula, while reliability was assessed via inter-rater reliability using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) formula. Hypothesis testing was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, yielding a calculated Z-value of -2.527b and an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.012 at a significance level of 0.05 (5%). The study concludes that the game of goalball has an effect on the gross motor skills of visually impaired students at SLB Surakarta.