Developmental Outcomes of Steam Learning in Early Childhood Education in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review

This study was motivated by the absence of comprehensive mapping of research on the effects of STEAM on early childhood. This study aims to analyze the effects of the STEAM approach on early children through a systematic literature review (SLR) to produce a research map and identify research gaps. This study employed a systematic literature review using the PRISMA method. Articles were collected from Google Scholar for the period 2021 – 2026. The research stages included formulating the research problem, collecting the literature, selecting literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, analyzing the selected literature, presenting the data, and drawing conclusions. A total of 89 articles were retrieved, of which 29 met the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed descriptively. Of all studies analyzed, the cognitive aspect was the most dominant focus, comprising 16 studies (55.17%), covering creativity, cognitive abilities, and thinking skills. Seven studies (24.13%) examined literacy-related aspects, including scientific literacy, mathematical literacy, numeracy, and Eco-literacy. The affective aspect was identified in five studies (17.24%), focusing on collaboration, independence, and active participation; meanwhile, the psychomotor aspect was found in only one study (3.44%), focusing on fine motor skills.