The Role of Artificial Intelligence in English Language Learning: Opportunities, Challenges, and Pedagogical Implications

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing Englishlanguage learning by providing personalized instruction, immediate feedback,interactive communication, and opportunities for independent practice. This paperexamines the potential benefits and challenges of integrating AI technologies intoEnglish as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning. The study adopts a literature reviewapproach and draws on existing empirical research, systematic reviews, andinternational educational guidance. The reviewed literature suggests that AI-supportedlearning can contribute to language development, particularly by providing writingfeedback, facilitating conversational practice, and supporting learner engagement.However, the effectiveness of these technologies depends on the quality of AIgenerated feedback, learners’ digital literacy, appropriate pedagogical guidance, andresponsible use. Potential challenges include inaccurate information, excessivedependence on AI, academic integrity concerns, and data privacy risks. The paperargues that AI should complement rather than replace teachers and meaningful humaninteraction. It concludes that the responsible integration of AI into English languageeducation requires clear learning objectives, critical evaluation of AI-generated content,and a balanced combination of technological tools and teacher-led instruction.