Instrumentos de evaluación de la interferencia/alienación parental en contextos forenses de familia: revisión sistemática de evidencias psicométricas y utilidad pericial.

Assessing parental interference or alienation represents a challenge in clinical and forensic settings due to limitations in available psychometric instruments and the conceptual heterogeneity of the construct, which hinders its application in judicial contexts. The aim of this study was to analyze standardized instruments used for its assessment and to synthesize evidence regarding their characteristics, applications, and measurement properties through a systematic review. The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the COSMIN framework to evaluate risk of bias and quality of evidence. The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, APA PsycNet, and Redalyc, complemented by Google Scholar, covering publications from 2000 to 2026. A total of 2,807 records were identified in databases and 200 additional records through manual search. After screening, six studies (100%) were included, primarily involving Likert-type scales targeting adult populations, with a predominance of cross-sectional designs. Analyses mainly focused on internal consistency and structural validity, with limited assessment of temporal stability and criterion validity. Most studies were conducted in general populations, with scarce evidence in clinical-forensic contexts. Methodological quality was moderate, with limitations related to sample size and validation in judicial settings. In conclusion, the available instruments show preliminary psychometric evidence, highlighting the need to strengthen their validation in clinical-forensic contexts to support their use in forensic practice.