Key result
Male sex linked to ~3-point higher CVD hospitalization rate in genotyped familial hypercholesterolemia.
Why the study?
Familial hypercholesterolaemia increases cardiovascular disease risk, and this study aimed to describe sex differences in the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease hospitalisations in a complete cohort of genotyped familial hypercholesterolaemia patients.
Does sex influence the incidence, prevalence, and age of onset of cardiovascular disease hospitalisations in patients with genotyped familial hypercholesterolaemia?
Cohort (n=5,538)
Yes
Does sex influence the incidence, prevalence, and age of onset of cardiovascular disease hospitalisations in patients with genotyped familial hypercholesterolaemia?
Patients with genotyped familial hypercholesterolaemia experience their first cardiovascular hospitalisation at a young mean age of 45.1 years without sex differences in age of onset, yet fewer than half have their familial hypercholesterolaemia diagnosis recorded at discharge.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Alerts clinicians to higher hospitalisation risk in men with genotyped FH; leaves open sex-specific prevention trials.
Background Familial hypercholesterolaemia increases the risk for cardiovascular disease. The primary aim of the present study was to describe sex differences in incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease leading to hospitalisation in a complete cohort of genotyped familial hypercholesterolaemia patients. Design and methods In this registry study data on 5538 patients with verified genotyped familial hypercholesterolaemia were linked to data on all Norwegian cardiovascular disease hospitalisations, and hospitalisations due to pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, congenital heart defects and diabetes. Results During 1994-2009 a total of 1411 of familial hypercholesterolaemia patients were hospitalised, and ischaemic heart disease was reported in 90% of them. Mean (SD) age at first hospitalisation and first re-hospitalisation was 45.1 (16.5) and 47.6 (16.3) years, respectively, with no sex differences ( P = 0.66 and P = 0.93, respectively). More men (26.9%) than women (24.1%) with familial hypercholesterolaemia were hospitalised ( P = 0.02). The median (25th-75th percentile) number of hospital admissions was four (two to seven) per familial hypercholesterolaemia patient, with no sex differences ( P = 0.87). Despite having familial hypercholesterolaemia at the time of hospitalisation, the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia was registered in only 45.7% of the patients at discharge. Conclusion Most cardiovascular disease hospitalisations were due to ischaemic heart disease. Familial hypercholesterolaemia patients were first time hospitalised at age 45.1 years, with no significant sex differences in age, which are important novel findings. The awareness and registration of the familial hypercholesterolaemia diagnosis during the hospital stays were disturbingly low.
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Mundal et al. (2016) conducted a cohort in Genotyped familial hypercholesterolaemia (n=5,538). Male sex in genotyped familial hypercholesterolaemia vs. Female sex in genotyped familial hypercholesterolaemia was evaluated on Cardiovascular disease leading to hospitalisation (p=0.02). Men with genotyped familial hypercholesterolaemia had higher hospitalisation rates than women (26.9% vs 24.1%, P=0.02), with no sex difference in mean age at first admission (45.1 years, P=0.66).
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