Synthesis of new thioxoimidazolidine containing azide moiety derived from acetophenone catalyzed by CdO nanoparticles and study of their biological effect

The co-precipitation approach was used in this work to create cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs) from cadmium nitrate. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the size and shape of the produced CdO NPs. As thioimidazolidine derivatives, new heterocyclic compounds with azide groups were created. Schiff bases were initially prepared using p-nitro, p-chloro, and p-bromo benzaldehydes with CdO. NPs as a catalyst. Filtration was used to successfully recover the catalyst. The target compounds (4a–c) were obtained by reacting these intermediates with ethyl chloroacetate, chloroacetyl chloride, and sodium azide. Spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR were used to characterize the produced compounds. The spectral analyses indicated that the synthesized compounds were obtained in a pure form, as no significant impurity signals were observed. Characteristic absorption bands were visible in the FT-IR spectra, especially for the azide group (N₃) at about 2115 cm⁻¹. Additionally, the synthetic substances' biological activity were assessed. Preliminary data on their safety profile was obtained by estimating acute toxicity by computing LD50 values. Strong broad-spectrum antibacterial activity was shown by the compounds against both Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. and Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Additionally, encouraging antifungal efficacy against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans was noted.