Historical Development of Real Estate Valuation in Poland: The Transition to a Market Economy

The evolution of real estate valuation methodology in Poland reflects the country's political, legal, and socio-economic transformations, particularly the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-oriented system. This study aims to trace the historical development of real estate valuation principles in Poland from 1985 to the present, examining the influence of legislative reforms, the emergence of a free real estate market, and the professionalization of property valuation. The research adopts a historical approach, analyzing Polish legal provisions, international literature, and documentary evidence to identify the key stages in the development of valuation practices. Particular attention is given to the evolution of market value and cadastral value, as well as the growing importance of mass appraisal for property taxation. The study also examines contemporary challenges arising from increasing market demands, advances in data collection and processing technologies, and debates concerning the legal application of statistical methods and automated valuation models. The analysis highlights the continuing transformation of valuation methodology in response to changing institutional requirements and technological innovation. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the historical foundations and future directions of real estate valuation in Poland, particularly regarding the potential integration of automated approaches into mass property valuation systems.