Smart Water Level Monitoring and Automatic Pump Controller Using Arduino Uno and Ultrasonic Sensing: Design and Simulation

Manual monitoring of water storage tanks can lead to overflow, dry running of pumps, water wastage and unnecessary energy consumption. This paper presents the design and simulation of a low-cost, standalone water-level monitoring and automatic pump controller based on an Arduino Uno and an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. The controller converts the measured distance between the sensor and the water surface into a water-level percentage and applies a two-threshold hysteresis strategy. The design was verified using the Wokwi simulator. A single-layer PCB layout and enclosure design were also developed. The results are simulation-based, and physical tank testing is identified as future work.