From Green Human Capital to Sustainable Performance in the Digital Era: A Structured Narrative Review and TCCM-Guided Synthesis of Theories, Mechanisms, Boundary Conditions, and Research Gaps

This structured narrative review examines how green human capital (GHC) is associated with sustainable organisational performance through capabilities, innovation and contextual conditions. It uses thematic analysis and the Theory–Context–Characteristics–Methodology (TCCM) framework to synthesise 55 purposively selected publications from 2020–2026. Database queries, screening decisions and study-level exclusion records follow the PRISMA 2020 Guidelines to ensure replicability and traceability of corpus selection. The appraisal drew on full texts, abstracts and complete bibliographic metadata, as available for each publication. AI-assisted judgments on these publications underwent independent human verification. These limitations may reduce confidence in coverage, appraisal and interpretation. Within the retained corpus, innovation, human resource management, knowledge, learning and supply-chain practices recur in reported resource–performance relationships. Leadership, culture, institutions and digital capability appear as antecedents or boundary conditions. These patterns are not estimates of causal effects or evidence of field-wide prevalence. The proposed Green Human Capital Conversion Framework organises them into hypotheses for testing. The agenda prioritises a reproducible systematic review, human-verified appraisal, longitudinal and multisource designs, and clearer separation of green and digital competencies.