Assessment of the Interaction between Ethnical Groups and Chronic Metabolism Diseases Occurrence in Côte d’Ivoire: Cases of Diabetes and Hypertension

Background: Hypertension and diabetes are two common metabolic disorders that often coexist in the same individual. Previous study exhibited hypertension as the second reason why people visit Korhogo hospital, Northern of Côte d’Ivoire, while molecular diabetes predisposition risks result to be higher in that area of the country as opposite to Abidjan Southern. Therefore, understanding how cultural, genetic and environmental factors interact with the occurrence of these two diseases may contribute to more effective prevention and patient management. This study aimed to evaluate the association between regional ethnic background and the occurrence of diabetes and hypertension in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: Study sample includes 200 patients with type 2 diabetes, 200 patients with both diabetes and hypertension, 200 patients with hypertension, and 150 healthy controls from several diabetology and cardiology departments as well as Regional and University Hospitals across Côte d’Ivoire. We collected anthropomorphic, ethnical and clinical data of all participant as well as venous blood and measured fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin; triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol features. Anthropomorphic, clinical and biochemical data were submitted to a multivariate statistical analysis. Results: Findings showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity of studied population and as well high dyslipidemia prevalent, predominantly associated with hypercholesterolemia. Multivariate and clustering analysis by showing heterogeneous variability of anthropomorphic (age), clinical and biochemical parameters, suggested three distinct groups in the studied population with a statistical difference at p = 0.11, with substantial intra-group variability. Clustering survey revealed two major profiles among these clusters: one predominantly composed of Mandé ethnic group and characterized by hypertension, and another mainly composed of Akan ethnic group and characterized by diabetes. Statistical analyses revealed a significant association between the Mandé ethnic group and hypertension (odds ratio = 0.57; p = 0.027), as well as between the Akan ethnic group and diabetes (odds ratio = 75.51; p Conclusions: The study revealed a susceptibility between metabolic disorder (i.e. diabetes and hypertension) occurrence and regional ethnical features in Côte d’Ivoire.