Research Progress of Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio and Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Evaluating Acute Myocardial Infarction and the Severity of Coronary Artery Lesions

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide.Despite remarkable advances in reperfusion therapy, the prognosis of AMI patients varies considerably, and the severity of coronary artery lesions serves as a core determinant of long-term prognosis.Although coronary angiography is the "gold standard" for evaluating coronary artery lesions, its invasiveness and high cost limit its widespread application.Therefore, identifying simple, noninvasive and low-cost biomarkers for the early recognition of AMI patients with high-risk coronary lesions has become an urgent demand in current clinical research.In recent years, the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), as reliable indicators reflecting acute stress response and chronic insulin resistance respectively, have attracted extensive attention in the field of cardiovascular diseases.By adjusting for baseline blood glucose levels, SHR can more accurately quantify acute metabolic disturbances following AMI.The TyG index is closely associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.Numerous studies have demonstrated that both biomarkers are independently correlated with the onset, progression and prognosis of AMI.This review aims to systematically summarize the concepts, calculation methods and pathophysiological basis of SHR and the TyG index, with emphasis on their individual and combined application value in assessing coronary lesion severity, risk stratification and prognostic prediction among AMI patients.It also explores their prospects for clinical translation, so as to provide new insights for optimizing individualized management of AMI.