Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
The package Fossil_CO2_emissions_country_trends.zip reproduces the national trends in fossil CO2 emissions described in the paper. It calculates the change in territorial fossil CO2 emissions between 2019 and 2025 by country (total and by fuel), the number of UN member states whose emissions decreased while their GDP increased, and produces the maps and figures. The package Clean_energy_avoided_emissions.zip reproduces the analysis and figures related to avoided emissions as described in the paper. It estimates the fossil CO2 emissions avoided by electric vehicles and by solar and wind power, separates them from the other drivers of emissions (world GDP and the counterfactual CO2 intensity of GDP), projects these drivers to 2028 under different deployment scenarios, and produces the related figures.
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Corinne Le Quéré (2026) studied this question.
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