Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of Allium Sativum Leaves in Wistar Albino Rats Subjected to Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia

In India, the number of people suffering from diabetes is believed to be rising steadily and the current antidiabetic therapies are frequently reported to have adverse side effects. Ethno medicinal plant use has shown promise for the development of cheaper, cost-effective antidiabetic agents with fewer side effects. Te aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic activity and mechanism of action of Ethanolic extract prepared from Allium sativum. Since this claim has not been investigated scientifically, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect and phytochemical screening of Streptozotocin -induced diabetic Albino Rats. The leaves of Allium sativum have been used in traditional health systems to treat diabetes mellitus. However, the antidiabetic activity of this medicinal plant is not scientifically validated and authenticated. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic activity of flower crude extract and solvent fractions of Allium sativum. The in vitro α–amylase inhibition of the crude extract and solvent fractions of Allium sativum. Blood glucose lowering activity of 80% Ethanolic crude extract and solvent fraction was studied in animal models: Hypoglycemic Albino rats model, oral glucose loaded rat model, dose-treated Streptozotocin -induced diabetic Rat model. The effect of the crude extract on diabetic lipid profile was studied. The acute toxicity study of Allium sativum leaves extract did not show mortality in the animals at the limit dose during the observation period. The result of α–amylase enzyme inhibition activity was found in a dose-dependent manner, the strongest activity was shown by Crude extract fraction (89.60 % inhibition at 1000 μg/mL) compared to the standard acarbose having 97.19% inhibition at 1000 μg/mL. The crude extract of Allium sativum showed significant blood glucose-lowering effect on hypoglycemic Albino rats and oral glucose loaded Albino rats. In Streptozotocin -induced diabetic Albino rats’ model, the crude extract fraction significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose level after 14 days of treatment. The result demonstrated the beneficial biochemical effects of Allium sativum extract by inhibiting α–amylase improving serum lipid profile levels. The leaves crude extract are effective in lowering blood glucose levels in diabetic and hypoglycemic Albino rats. The claimed traditional use as antidiabetic has scientific ground.