Key result
Meat-rich maternal diet linked to ~90% higher odds of elevated blood pressure in children.
Why the study?
While family history, obesity, diet, and physical activity are known risk factors for childhood and adolescent hypertension in high-income countries, data on the association of dietary patterns, obesity, and maternal blood pressure with raised blood pressure in low- and middle-income countries including Nigeria are limited.
Cross-Sectional (n=1,185)
Yes
In southwestern Nigerian children and adolescents, a meat and poultry dominated dietary pattern and maternal raised systolic blood pressure were each independently associated with 90% higher odds of raised blood pressure, which had an overall prevalence of 20.1%.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Should not yet change pediatric BP assessment in Nigeria; extends high-income observational data on diet and maternal SBP but remains hypothesis-generating.
Background: Hypertension is on the increase among children and adolescents globally, including low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While studies in high-income countries (HICs) have reported family history, obesity, diet and physical activity as risk factors for childhood and adolescent hypertension, there is limited data on the subject in LMICs including Nigeria. This study therefore investigated the relationship between dietary patterns, obesity, mothers' blood pressure and raised blood pressure (RBP) among adolescents in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among 1185 school-aged children and adolescents (i.e. 6–19-year-olds) and their mothers in Osun State, southwestern Nigeria. Respondents were selected using a five-stage multi-stage sampling technique, and data were collected using pretested structured questionnaires. Anthropometry, blood pressure, and nutrition status were assessed using standard protocols. The guideline for screening high blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents by the American Academy of Pediatrics was used to define RBP, which was the outcome variable. Dietary patterns and mothers' raised blood pressure (main explanatory variables) were defined using principal component analysis and the World Health Organization's BP classification respectively. A five-model multi-variable regression analysis was used to investigate the associations and control for possible confounders. All analyses were done using STATA with the level of significance set at p ≤0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents (the children) is 10.77 ± 3.45 years with a Male:Female ratio of 1:1.14. The overall prevalence rate of RBP among the 6–19-year-olds was 20.1%. After adjusting for all possible confounders (Model 4), RBP had statistically significant associations with meat and poultry dietary pattern (OR: 1.9; p=0.004; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.1) and mother's SBP (OR: 1.9; p=0.004; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.1). Participants with high adherence to meat and poultry dietary pattern and those whose mothers had raised SBP had 90% higher odds of having raised blood pressure compared to the others. Conclusions: RBP among children 6–19 years had positive statistically significant associations with meat and poultry dominated dietary pattern and raised systolic blood pressure in their mothers. Efforts should be made to address RBP in Nigerian children and adolescents through targeted interventions.
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Adeomi et al. (2025) conducted a cross-sectional in Raised blood pressure (hypertension) (n=1,185). Meat and poultry dietary pattern and mother's raised systolic blood pressure vs. Lower adherence to meat/poultry dietary pattern and normal maternal systolic blood pressure was evaluated on Raised blood pressure (RBP) defined by American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.1, p=0.004). High adherence to a meat/poultry diet and elevated maternal SBP were each associated with higher odds of raised BP in children.
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