Antibacterial Potential of Polymeric Nanoparticles Against Enterobacteriaceae: A Comprehensive Review

The Enterobacteriaceae family encompasses a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria, including pathogenic species such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica. These pathogens are responsible for severe infections and exhibit significant resistance to conventional antibiotics, posing a major public health challenge. Polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as a promising solution to struggle these resistant strains due to their unique physicochemical properties, including high surface area, size, and the ability to encapsulate and release antimicrobial agents in a controlled manner. This review focuses on the antimicrobial properties of polymeric nanoparticles directed against the Enterobacteriaceae family. We explore the various types of polymeric nanoparticles, including chitosan, PLGA (poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)), dendrimers and their mechanisms of action, such as disruption of bacterial cell walls, inhibition of biofilm formation, and enhanced delivery of encapsulated antibiotics. The synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating their efficacy are discussed.Additionally, we address the challenges associated with the clinical translation of polymeric nanoparticles, such as biocompatibility, potential toxicity, and large-scale production. The review also highlights the potential for synergistic effects when polymeric nanoparticles are combined with traditional antibiotics, offering a multi-faceted approach to overcoming bacterial resistance. In conclusion, polymeric nanoparticles represent a versatile and potent strategy for targeting the Enterobacteriaceae family, with the potential to revolutionize the treatment of bacterial infections. Further research and development are required to optimize their design and application, ensuring their safe and effective use in clinical studies