Comparative Evaluation of Inflammatory and Haematological Parameters in Erythropoietintreated vs. Erythropoietin? naïve CKD Patients: Insight into Disease Pathophysiology

biomarker.These findings, from a sub-Saharan Anaemia and persistent inflammation are key African cohort, support integrated management complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD), strategies combining EPO therapy with contributing to adverse clinical outcomes.While inflammation monitoring to optimize outcomes.erythropoietin (EPO) therapy is central to anaemia management, its impact on K e y w o r d s : E r y t h r o p o i e t i n , C K D , inflammatory pathways in sub-Saharan African Inflammation, TNF, Anaemia populations is underexplored.This study