Reproductive health status and characteristics of pregnancy and childbirth in women giving birth for the first time

The objective: to study the state of reproductive health and conduct a comparative analysis of the characteristics of pregnancy, childbirth, and perinatal outcomes in women giving birth for the first time of different reproductive ages.Materials and methods. The state of reproductive health, the course of pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period, and the condition of newborns were analyzed according to the materials of 174 pregnancy and childbirth histories of women giving birth for the first time. The participants were divided into 2 groups according to age: group I – 85 pregnant women aged 20–29 years, group II – 89 pregnant women aged 30–40 years.Results. In 65.2% of women who give birth for the first time after 30 years and older, pregnancy occurs against the background of various extragenital diseases. Only in 26.9% of such women, there is a physiological pregnancy course. The threat of pregnancy interruption in them is observed 1.9 times more often than in primiparous women under 30 years of age. Preeclampsia complicates the course of pregnancy in every fifth woman (21.3%); the frequency of cesarean section is significantly more often (4.7 times) than in younger primiparous women. In 10.2% of children born to mothers after 30 years and older, fetal growth retardation syndrome was diagnosed, 17.0% of children were born with asphyxia. The course of the early neonatal period in them in 9.1% of cases was complicated by posthypoxic encephalopathy, in 5.7% – respiratory distress syndrome, 9.1% – hyperbilirubinemia, 6.8% – hemorrhagic syndrome.Conclusions. Women aged 30 years and older, who give birth for the first time, have a burdened somatic, reproductive and gynecological history. The frequency of extragenital pathology in them is 65.2%, anemia takes the leading place (34.8% of patients). In these women the pregnancy is complicated by a significantly high threatened pregnancy interruption rate, placental insufficiency, fetal growth retardation syndrome and preeclampsia. The frequency of abdominal delivery in them is 4.7 times higher than that in primiparous patients younger than 30 years.