Features of comorbid associations in patients with obesity and hyperglycemia

Comorbidity represents a significant health challenge due to its high incidence, associated disability, and mortality rates. The pathogenesis of comorbidity is multifaceted, necessitating investigation into the roles of various factors, including age, and their interactions. Objective. To study comorbidities in patients of different age groups exhibiting obesity and hyperuricemia. Materials and methods. A total of 2.680 patients with somatic illnesses were examined across various age categories — early mature, late mature, elderly, and senile — encompassing both genders. Each patient presented with one or two risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases, specifically obesity and hyperuricemia. The cohort was categorized into three groups: Group 1 consisted of obese patients (n=1.466), Group 2 comprised patients with hyperuricemia (n=442), and Group 3 included patients with both obesity and hyperuricemia (n=772). All patients underwent comprehensive clinical evaluations and disease classifications according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). Trans-systemic comorbidity was defined as the number of disease classes per patient. Results. High rates of comorbidity (involvement of three to four functional systems) were observed across all groups. Notably, obese patients within the late mature and elderly age categories exhibited higher comorbidity rates compared to those with hyperuricemia. Furthermore, patients in the late mature age group with obesity and hyperuricemia demonstrated a significant prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, with an incidence rate of 95.7%. Conclusions. The findings indicate a notable association between obesity — both with and without hyperuricemia — and trans-systemic comorbidity across various age demographics. This underscores the importance of early detection and intervention strategies. The co-occurrence of obesity and hyperuricemia is particularly critical in the late mature age group.