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The aim of the study was to identify energy and housing poverty in a non-representative, network-selected sample of households in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. The survey findings revealed that, within the sample population of households, as per capita income within the household increased, the proportion of households in which energy expenditure exceeded 10 per cent of net household income decreased. The greatest difficulties in heating and cooling a house or flat in line with needs were found in single-person households (85% of responses), whilst the greatest difficulties regarding access to hot water and electricity were found in four-person households (97% of responses).
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Witkowska-Dąbrowska et al. (2026) studied this question.
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