AI-enhanced Effective-8K 4D Fetal Ultrasound: A Blinded Paired Reader Study with Physics-based Metrics of Image Quality, Reliability, and Diagnostic Utility

Advances in prenatal ultrasonography have steadily reshaped the way fetal structures are visualized and interpreted, moving from early two -dimensional examinations to contemporary volumetric imaging capable of depicting subtle facial contours.Recent efforts to integrate artificial intelligence into this field have expanded these possibilities even further.Early conceptual work linking fetal development to longterm health outcomes has underscored the value of improving imaging quality, particularly through the use of AI-supported four-dimensional ultrasound to study fetal behavior and early morphologic patterns.1 Subsequent investigations examining facial expression dynamics across gestation have suggested that computational tools may reveal developmental nuances that conventional imaging sometimes fails to capture. 2 These emerging perspectives