Three-dimensional-printed Fetal Models Derived from Ultrasound Data: A New Frontier in Prenatal Imaging and Structural Anomaly Management

IntroductIonPrenatal ultrasound has long been the cornerstone of fetal imaging, offering noninvasive, real-time visualization of fetal anatomy and detecting structural anomalies during pregnancy.As highlighted by Hata, advances in volumetric imaging and 4D ultrasonography now allow the acquisition of spatiotemporal data sets, enabling dynamic assessment of fetal structures and movements.1 However, despite these technological improvements, the interpretation of ultrasound data remains highly operator dependent and prone to variability, particularly in cases of complex malformations or subtle anatomical anomalies.