Acute Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia

The present paper reviews contemporary scientific literature devoted to acute non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (ANMI) as a severe pathology with a mortality rate of up to 80 %. The key aspects of pathogenesis, main risk factors and features of the clinical picture that complicate early diagnosis are considered. Particular attention is paid to the capabilities and limitations of contemporary diagnostic methods, including multislice computed tomography angiography (MSCT-A) and determination of biomarkers. Conservative treatment strategies, such as anticoagulant and systemic vasodilatation therapy, and surgical interventions, including revascularization, resection of non-viable sections of the intestine and damage control surgery tactics are analyzed in detail. The critical role of exploratory laparotomy and laparoscopy in verifying the diagnosis and intraoperative assessment of intestinal viability is discussed. The emphasis is put on the need for a multidisciplinary approach and creation of specialized centers to improve treatment outcomes.