Biomaterials in Ophthalmology: Current Applications and Future Perspectives in Eye Surgery

Biomaterials play a key role in ophthalmology, providing innovative solutions for eye surgery and regenerative treatments. The development of biocompatible materials, including flexible polymers, hydrogels, and nanobiomaterials, has enabled improvements in surgical outcomes and a reduction in postoperative complications. In corneal surgery, keratoprostheses and amniotic membrane have revolutionized treatments for severe injuries, while advanced artificial lens has optimized cataract surgery. Drainage devices for glaucoma, injectable hydrogels for vitreous body replacement, and controlled drug delivery systems contribute to more effective and personalized therapies. Despite significant advances, biomaterials present challenges, including high costs, risks of complications, and limitations in complete tissue regeneration. Future research focuses on intelligent biomaterials capable of responding to biological stimuli and promoting the regeneration of ocular structures. The integration of nanotechnology and artificial intelligence could optimize the personalization of treatments and their accessibility. Thus, biomaterials represent an essential component of progress in ophthalmology, with promising prospects in the development of minimally invasive and effective solutions for complex eye conditions..