In Vitro Evaluation of Surface Wettability and Optical Transparency of Hydrogel-Based Biomaterials Intended for Ocular Surface Applications

Hydrogel-based biomaterials are widely investigated for ocular surface applications due to their transparency, hydration capacity, and surface compatibility. However, systematic in vitro evaluation of their physicochemical properties remains essential for material selection and optimization. Our study aimed to comparatively assess surface-related, optical, and hydration properties of three hydrogel-based biomaterials intended for ophthalmic use. Disc-shaped samples were prepared and evaluated in vitro for surface wettability using static water contact angle measurements, optical transparency through light transmittance at 550 nm, and hydration behavior by swelling ratio determination. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Significant differences were observed among the investigated biomaterials for all evaluated parameters (p 0.05). Wettability varied markedly depending on polymer composition, indicating distinct surface interaction profiles. Optical transparency measurements demonstrated material-dependent light transmittance, while swelling ratio analysis revealed differences in water uptake capacity and hydration stability. These findings highlight the strong influence of material composition on properties directly relevant to ocular surface performance. In conclusion, standardized in vitro characterization of surface, optical, and hydration properties provides valuable insights into the functional behavior of ophthalmic biomaterials and represents a critical step in their early-stage development before preclinical or clinical evaluation.