Fear of Falling and Indicators of Psychological and Physical Vulnerability in Socially Engaged Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Background Fear of falling (FoF) is common among older adults, but its relevance in socially engaged populations remains unclear. Objective To compare cognitive, psychological, and physical function outcomes between participants with high and low FoF and examine associations between FoF and vulnerability indicators. Methods This cross-sectional study included 120 adults aged ≥50 years enrolled in a community-based active aging program. FoF was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International. Cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and physical function were evaluated using validated questionnaires and performance-based tests. Results Participants with high FoF showed lower cognitive performance (adjusted mean difference = −1.41; p = 0.031), greater depressive symptoms (1.33; p = 0.006), and reduced handgrip strength (−3.43 kg; p = 0.020). No significant differences were observed in physical activity levels or most functional outcomes, suggesting that FoF may reveal relevant vulnerability even when conventional activity and functional measures appear preserved.