Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
DESIGN BLUEPRINT — SIMULATED, NOT MEASURED — NOT BUILT. A complete build specification for a solar UV-C standpipe disinfection unit: a baffled serpentine reactor (8 passes x 1.0 m, 0.10 m channel, 2.0 cm water depth, 0.8 m2 illuminated area, 16.0 L volume) with 275 nm LEDs, sized on the 5th-percentile delivered dose — 0.4976 of the mean, so the mean dose is set at 2.01x the required fluence and a mean-sized reactor would pass 54.7% of flow under-treated. Derived from the source paper: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24108541. At the design water of 5 NTU and 20 L/min the guaranteed bacteria-class unit (4-log, 16 mJ/cm2 to the 5th percentile) uses 151.5 W of LED power (152 devices at 1 W), 161.5 W total operating power, 0.1262 Wh per litre, a 345 Wp photovoltaic array and a 404 Wh battery, treating 9,600 L per day over 8 hours with 2 hours of battery autonomy; a 1,000 L batch takes 50.0 min. The virus-class dose (160 mJ/cm2) costs ten times as much on every figure (1,514.7 W, 3,253 Wp, 3,812 Wh). The unit provides no residual protection after treatment. The blueprint gives dimensions and layout, a bill of materials in generic specification classes, an assembly sequence, the operating envelope (5 NTU ceiling as built), critical fits tied to the source figures, failure modes, a condition-based maintenance schedule, and the dose-distribution verification a first build must perform. Nothing has been built or measured; every derived quantity is reproducible from the accompanying compute.py.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
William Alexander Aldred (2026) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 8 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: