Study on adaptive characteristics and protection strategies for linear cultural heritage in transitional cities

With the acceleration of postindustrial urbanization, linear cultural heritage has become crucial in urban renewal. However, understanding the adaptive characteristics of linear cultural heritage remains fragmented. This study investigates the protection and revitalization of such heritage through a case study of the Yunnan–Burma and Yunnan–Vietnam Railways in Kunming, a transitional city in China. By combining unsupervised learning methods with the importance–performance analysis (IPA) framework, we explore how perceptual differences among residents, designers, and heritage experts affect heritage protection strategies. Semistructured interviews reveal significant differences in functional needs, place identity, and protection preferences among agents. The findings highlight the challenges associated with balancing diverse demands and integrating heritage continuity with development. The IPA suggests that creating local narratives and accessible experiences is key to optimizing adaptive protection. This study provides a robust methodological framework and insights for data-driven, inclusive protection strategies for linear cultural heritage in transitional cities.